Considerations When Adapting a Program
It is important to balance implementing a program as designed with ensuring program components are relevant to the population of interest. Module 1 discusses the importance of including community members and other intended audiences in program design. Adaptations may be necessary to ensure programs are feasible in rural contexts and acceptable to program participants.
When tailoring program components to specific communities, rural program planners should avoid removing program elements responsible for positive results. To avoid mismatching the program and intervention activities with the needs of the community, researchers have suggested that communities consider the following types of proposed program changes and adaptations:
- Cultural adaptations: Tailoring the intervention to incorporate cultural preferences and views
- Cognitive adaptation: Changing the language, reading, or age level of the intervention
- Affective-motivational adaptation: Adjusting aspects related to gender, ethnic, religious, and socioeconomic background of participants
- Environmental adaptation: Acknowledging ecological aspects of the community, for example implementing in homes instead of at a clinic
- Adaptations of program content: Tailoring language, visuals, examples, scenarios, and activities used during the intervention
These adaptations could be made without threatening program fidelity, which is the extent to which the delivery of the replicated program adheres to the original program. Program implementers should carefully consider whether adaptations will influence effective practices from the original program. For example, altering the program structure, theoretical foundation, key components, and goals could reduce program effectiveness. Changes that could affect a program's potential effectiveness include:
- Reducing number or length of program sessions
- Reducing participant engagement
- Eliminating key messages or skills learned
- Using inadequately trained staff
- Using fewer staff members than recommended
Resources to Learn More
The
Community Tool Box: Chapter 19 – Section 4. Adapting Community Interventions for Different Cultures and Communities
Website
Addresses the aspects of adapting programs to different cultures and communities through identification and
assessment of community concerns and assets in order to meet the needs of the intended population.
Organization(s): University of Kansas Work Group for Community Health and
Development