Substance Use and Misuse in Rural Areas – Resources
Selected recent or important resources focusing on Substance Use and Misuse in Rural Areas.
Transforming State Behavioral Health Systems: Findings from States on the Impact of CCBHC Implementation
Reports information from surveys and interviews with state Certified Community Behavioral Health Clinic (CCBHC) program directors from the 8 original demonstration states, including Minnesota, Missouri, Nevada, New Jersey, New York, Oklahoma, Oregon, and Pennsylvania. Shares how the CCBHC program helped states address mental health and substance use issues in their communities by lowering costs, improving outcomes, building healthcare system capacity for mental health and substance use, and increasing the infrastructure to meet the rising need of care. Includes specific examples of how the CCBHC program improved access to urgent recovery centers, crisis centers, and telehealth services in rural communities.
Author(s): Rachael Matulis, Dorn Schuffman, Rebecca Farley David, Samantha Holcombe
Date: 10/2021
Sponsoring organization: National Council for Mental Wellbeing
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Reports information from surveys and interviews with state Certified Community Behavioral Health Clinic (CCBHC) program directors from the 8 original demonstration states, including Minnesota, Missouri, Nevada, New Jersey, New York, Oklahoma, Oregon, and Pennsylvania. Shares how the CCBHC program helped states address mental health and substance use issues in their communities by lowering costs, improving outcomes, building healthcare system capacity for mental health and substance use, and increasing the infrastructure to meet the rising need of care. Includes specific examples of how the CCBHC program improved access to urgent recovery centers, crisis centers, and telehealth services in rural communities.
Author(s): Rachael Matulis, Dorn Schuffman, Rebecca Farley David, Samantha Holcombe
Date: 10/2021
Sponsoring organization: National Council for Mental Wellbeing
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PrEP Care Continuum Engagement Among Persons Who Inject Drugs: Rural and Urban Differences in Stigma and Social Infrastructure
Study examining stigma related to drug use and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), as well as awareness of Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) treatment in New York City and rural southern Illinois. Highlights barriers and facilitators to willingness to take PrEP based on interviews with 57 people who inject drugs (PWID) who participate in syringe service programs, comparing rural and urban responses.
Author(s): Suzan M. Walters, David Frank, Brent Van Ham, et al.
Citation: AIDS and Behavior
Date: 10/2021
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Study examining stigma related to drug use and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), as well as awareness of Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) treatment in New York City and rural southern Illinois. Highlights barriers and facilitators to willingness to take PrEP based on interviews with 57 people who inject drugs (PWID) who participate in syringe service programs, comparing rural and urban responses.
Author(s): Suzan M. Walters, David Frank, Brent Van Ham, et al.
Citation: AIDS and Behavior
Date: 10/2021
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Secondhand Smoke Exposure at Home and/ or in a Vehicle: Differences Between Urban and Non-Urban Adolescents in the United States, From 2015 to 2018
Explores geographic disparities in secondhand smoke exposure for urban and non-urban youth. Analyzes 69,249 middle and high school students from the 2015-2018 National Youth Tobacco Survey and breaks down the sample by sex, grade level, type of tobacco, status related to living with a tobacco user, year studied, and urban versus non-urban location.
Author(s): Dale S. Mantey, Onyinye Omega-Njemnobi, Cristina S. Barroso
Citation: Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 23(8), 1327-1333
Date: 08/2021
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Explores geographic disparities in secondhand smoke exposure for urban and non-urban youth. Analyzes 69,249 middle and high school students from the 2015-2018 National Youth Tobacco Survey and breaks down the sample by sex, grade level, type of tobacco, status related to living with a tobacco user, year studied, and urban versus non-urban location.
Author(s): Dale S. Mantey, Onyinye Omega-Njemnobi, Cristina S. Barroso
Citation: Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 23(8), 1327-1333
Date: 08/2021
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Improving Behavioral Health Services for Individuals with SMI in Rural and Remote Communities
Discusses behavioral health workforce shortages in rural and remote areas and the effect this has on healthcare access for people with serious mental illness (SMI). Highlights strategies for reducing barriers to access and improve workforce retention. Provides examples of programs to improve access in various states.
Date: 08/2021
Sponsoring organizations: American Psychiatric Association, SMI Adviser, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
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Discusses behavioral health workforce shortages in rural and remote areas and the effect this has on healthcare access for people with serious mental illness (SMI). Highlights strategies for reducing barriers to access and improve workforce retention. Provides examples of programs to improve access in various states.
Date: 08/2021
Sponsoring organizations: American Psychiatric Association, SMI Adviser, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
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Barriers for Implementing the Hub and Spoke Model to Expand Medication for Opioid Use Disorder: A Case Study of Montana
Highlights a study of the barriers to the implementation of hub and spoke programs to provide treatment for opioid use disorder in rural Montana. Features data based on interviews with 65 programs that provide medication for opioid use disorder in Montana and discusses the barriers to their efforts.
Author(s): Brandn Green, Danielle Christine Rhubart, Matthew R Filteau
Citation: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment, 15
Date: 08/2021
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Highlights a study of the barriers to the implementation of hub and spoke programs to provide treatment for opioid use disorder in rural Montana. Features data based on interviews with 65 programs that provide medication for opioid use disorder in Montana and discusses the barriers to their efforts.
Author(s): Brandn Green, Danielle Christine Rhubart, Matthew R Filteau
Citation: Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment, 15
Date: 08/2021
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Prevention, Treatment, and Recovery Innovations in Native American Communities
Report highlights the efforts of tribal programs to address opioid use disorder in their communities. Presents success stories of programs providing culturally competent treatment, prevention, and recovery for American Indian and Alaska Native communities in several states.
Date: 08/2021
Sponsoring organization: National American Indian and Alaska Native Addiction Technology Transfer Center
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Report highlights the efforts of tribal programs to address opioid use disorder in their communities. Presents success stories of programs providing culturally competent treatment, prevention, and recovery for American Indian and Alaska Native communities in several states.
Date: 08/2021
Sponsoring organization: National American Indian and Alaska Native Addiction Technology Transfer Center
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Multilevel Modeling of County-level Excessive Alcohol Use, Rurality, and COVID-19 Case Fatality Rates in the US
Presents a study on the relationship between COVID-19 outcomes and elevated alcohol use in rural counties. Looks at levels of alcohol use and misuse in rural counties prior to the pandemic and compares it with COVID-19 mortality data. Breaks down data by rurality and alcohol use while controlling for other comorbidities such as obesity, smoking, and being over the age of 65.
Author(s): George Pro, Paul A. Gilbert, Julie A. Baldwin, et al.
Citation: PLOS ONE, 16(6), e0253466
Date: 06/2021
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Presents a study on the relationship between COVID-19 outcomes and elevated alcohol use in rural counties. Looks at levels of alcohol use and misuse in rural counties prior to the pandemic and compares it with COVID-19 mortality data. Breaks down data by rurality and alcohol use while controlling for other comorbidities such as obesity, smoking, and being over the age of 65.
Author(s): George Pro, Paul A. Gilbert, Julie A. Baldwin, et al.
Citation: PLOS ONE, 16(6), e0253466
Date: 06/2021
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Telehealth for the Treatment of Serious Mental Illness and Substance Use Disorders
Evidence-based resource guide examining telehealth initiatives to treat serious mental illness (SMI) and substance use disorders (SUD) based on published research. Topics cover effectiveness of telehealth modalities, implementation of evidence-based practices, examples of telehealth treatment programs, and evaluation resources. Discusses rural-specific concerns throughout the guide.
Date: 06/2021
Sponsoring organization: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
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Evidence-based resource guide examining telehealth initiatives to treat serious mental illness (SMI) and substance use disorders (SUD) based on published research. Topics cover effectiveness of telehealth modalities, implementation of evidence-based practices, examples of telehealth treatment programs, and evaluation resources. Discusses rural-specific concerns throughout the guide.
Date: 06/2021
Sponsoring organization: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
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Rural-Urban Differences in Changes and Effects of Tobacco 21 in Youth E-cigarette Use
Highlights a study on youth e-cigarette use across rural and urban communities in light of the increase in Tobacco 21 (T21) policies. Compares under 21 e-cigarette use in rural and urban areas and in T21 and non-T21 areas. Breaks down data by year (2018-2019), sex, and grade in school, among other measures.
Author(s): Hongying Dai, Lisa Chaney, Edward Ellerbeck, et al.
Citation: Pediatrics, 147(5), e2020020651
Date: 05/2021
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Highlights a study on youth e-cigarette use across rural and urban communities in light of the increase in Tobacco 21 (T21) policies. Compares under 21 e-cigarette use in rural and urban areas and in T21 and non-T21 areas. Breaks down data by year (2018-2019), sex, and grade in school, among other measures.
Author(s): Hongying Dai, Lisa Chaney, Edward Ellerbeck, et al.
Citation: Pediatrics, 147(5), e2020020651
Date: 05/2021
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Mental Health and Substance Use Treatment Services Utilization
Summarizes the results of a poll conducted between April 29-May 2, 2021, regarding patients' experiences receiving mental health and substance use treatment services, including telehealth services, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Examines the utilization of these services and barriers to treatment by sex, age, education, income, ethnicity, and urban-rural status. Explores the preferences of individuals seeking mental health or substance abuse treatment.
Date: 05/2021
Sponsoring organizations: Bipartisan Policy Center, Morning Consult
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Summarizes the results of a poll conducted between April 29-May 2, 2021, regarding patients' experiences receiving mental health and substance use treatment services, including telehealth services, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Examines the utilization of these services and barriers to treatment by sex, age, education, income, ethnicity, and urban-rural status. Explores the preferences of individuals seeking mental health or substance abuse treatment.
Date: 05/2021
Sponsoring organizations: Bipartisan Policy Center, Morning Consult
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Additional resources are available related to this guide. See the full list of resources by topic for:
- Alcohol use
- Behavioral health
- Behavioral health workforce
- Illicit drug use
- Prescription drug misuse
- Substance use and misuse
- Tobacco use
Last Updated: 4/9/2025