Rural Health
Resources by Topic: Statistics and data
The Appalachian Region: A Data Overview from the 2019-2023 American Community Survey Chartbook
State- and county-level information on population, age, household characteristics, housing occupancy, education, labor force, employment, transportation, income, health insurance coverage, disability, and veteran status, for the 13 Appalachian states. Features statistics with breakdowns by 5 levels of population density. Includes data explorer options for Appalachian categories such as population and age, education, income and poverty, computer and broadband access, rural Appalachia versus rural America, and employment and commuting.
Additional links: Full Report
Author(s): Sara Srygley, Nurfadila Khairunnisa, Diana Elliott
Date: 06/2025
Sponsoring organizations: Appalachian Regional Commission, Population Reference Bureau
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State- and county-level information on population, age, household characteristics, housing occupancy, education, labor force, employment, transportation, income, health insurance coverage, disability, and veteran status, for the 13 Appalachian states. Features statistics with breakdowns by 5 levels of population density. Includes data explorer options for Appalachian categories such as population and age, education, income and poverty, computer and broadband access, rural Appalachia versus rural America, and employment and commuting.
Additional links: Full Report
Author(s): Sara Srygley, Nurfadila Khairunnisa, Diana Elliott
Date: 06/2025
Sponsoring organizations: Appalachian Regional Commission, Population Reference Bureau
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Inpatient Psychiatric Unit Availability Within US Short-Term, Acute-Care Hospitals, 2011-2023
Examines the availability of inpatient psychiatric units (IPUs) and the impact of COVID-19 on short-term psychiatric care in hospitals. Utilizes 2011-2023 Centers for Medicaid & Medicare Services (CMS) data to examine changes in IPU availability according to rural versus urban location.
Author(s): Zoe Lindenfeld, Colleen M. McCullough, Ji Eun Chang, et al.
Citation: JAMA Network Open, 8(6)
Date: 06/2025
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Examines the availability of inpatient psychiatric units (IPUs) and the impact of COVID-19 on short-term psychiatric care in hospitals. Utilizes 2011-2023 Centers for Medicaid & Medicare Services (CMS) data to examine changes in IPU availability according to rural versus urban location.
Author(s): Zoe Lindenfeld, Colleen M. McCullough, Ji Eun Chang, et al.
Citation: JAMA Network Open, 8(6)
Date: 06/2025
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The Workforce Outcomes of Physicians Completing Residency Training in North Carolina in 2017, 2018, and 2019
Analyzes the number and percent of residency and fellowship program graduates who completed training in 2017, 2018, and 2019 who were in practice in North Carolina and in rural areas 5 years after residency or fellowship graduation. Also examines the number and percent of physicians who completed residency training in North Carolina who were in practice in North Carolina 5 years after training for 7 high need specialties.
Author(s): Evan Galloway, Brianna Lombardi, Erin P. Fraher
Date: 06/2025
Sponsoring organization: The Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research
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Analyzes the number and percent of residency and fellowship program graduates who completed training in 2017, 2018, and 2019 who were in practice in North Carolina and in rural areas 5 years after residency or fellowship graduation. Also examines the number and percent of physicians who completed residency training in North Carolina who were in practice in North Carolina 5 years after training for 7 high need specialties.
Author(s): Evan Galloway, Brianna Lombardi, Erin P. Fraher
Date: 06/2025
Sponsoring organization: The Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research
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2023 Quality Payment Program Experience Report
Reports on the clinician experience for those participating in the Quality Payment Program in 2023. Presents data on Merit-based Incentive Payment System (MIPS) eligibility and participation rates for clinicians in small practices and rural areas, mean and median final scores for 2023 and 2025 payment adjustments, and payment adjustment trends from 2021 through 2023.
Date: 06/2025
Sponsoring organization: Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services
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Reports on the clinician experience for those participating in the Quality Payment Program in 2023. Presents data on Merit-based Incentive Payment System (MIPS) eligibility and participation rates for clinicians in small practices and rural areas, mean and median final scores for 2023 and 2025 payment adjustments, and payment adjustment trends from 2021 through 2023.
Date: 06/2025
Sponsoring organization: Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services
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The Impact of High Hospital Fixed-Cost Ratios on Rural Populations
Explores how rurality relates to hospital cost structures as categorized by Urban Influence Codes (UICs). Describes the characteristics of hospitals at different fixed-to-total-cost ratio levels, the demographics associated with hospitals at different ratio levels, and the share of nonmetropolitan hospitals that have Critical Access Hospital (CAH) or Low-Volume Hospital (LVH) designations. Discusses how findings could be used to refine hospital payment policies.
Author(s): Abigail Barker, Eliot Jost, Timothy McBride, Keith Mueller
Date: 06/2025
Sponsoring organization: RUPRI Center for Rural Health Policy Analysis
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Explores how rurality relates to hospital cost structures as categorized by Urban Influence Codes (UICs). Describes the characteristics of hospitals at different fixed-to-total-cost ratio levels, the demographics associated with hospitals at different ratio levels, and the share of nonmetropolitan hospitals that have Critical Access Hospital (CAH) or Low-Volume Hospital (LVH) designations. Discusses how findings could be used to refine hospital payment policies.
Author(s): Abigail Barker, Eliot Jost, Timothy McBride, Keith Mueller
Date: 06/2025
Sponsoring organization: RUPRI Center for Rural Health Policy Analysis
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MBQIP Quality Measures National Annual Report - 2023
Summarizes quality measure reporting rates and performance among Critical Access Hospitals (CAHs) in 2023. Presents data on the four Medicare Beneficiary Quality Improvement Project (MBQIP) domains: patient safety/inpatient, outpatient, patient engagement, and care transitions.
Author(s): Megan Lahr, Alyssa Furukawa, Madeleine Pick, Robert Barclay
Date: 06/2025
Sponsoring organization: Flex Monitoring Team
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Summarizes quality measure reporting rates and performance among Critical Access Hospitals (CAHs) in 2023. Presents data on the four Medicare Beneficiary Quality Improvement Project (MBQIP) domains: patient safety/inpatient, outpatient, patient engagement, and care transitions.
Author(s): Megan Lahr, Alyssa Furukawa, Madeleine Pick, Robert Barclay
Date: 06/2025
Sponsoring organization: Flex Monitoring Team
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Visit-to-Visit Blood Pressure Variability as a Risk Factor for All-Cause Mortality, Cardiovascular Mortality, and Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events Among American Indians: The Strong Heart Study
Examines the relationship of systolic blood pressure (SBPSD) and diastolic blood pressure (DBPSD) with all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in tribal populations. Analyzes data from 3,352 participants in the Strong Heart Study and includes breakdowns according to demographic characteristics, medical history, and health outcomes.
Author(s): Richard R. Fabsitz, Jessica A. Reese, Jean Leidner, et al.
Citation: Preventing Chronic Disease, 22
Date: 06/2025
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Examines the relationship of systolic blood pressure (SBPSD) and diastolic blood pressure (DBPSD) with all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in tribal populations. Analyzes data from 3,352 participants in the Strong Heart Study and includes breakdowns according to demographic characteristics, medical history, and health outcomes.
Author(s): Richard R. Fabsitz, Jessica A. Reese, Jean Leidner, et al.
Citation: Preventing Chronic Disease, 22
Date: 06/2025
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5 Key Facts About Medicaid Coverage for People Living in Rural Areas
Provides an overview of Medicaid coverage in rural areas. Includes rural versus urban comparisons of Medicaid coverage, enrollee age, enrollee diagnosed chronic conditions, state-by-state data of Medicaid enrollees by degree of rurality, and more.
Author(s): Rhiannon Euhus, Sammy Cervantes, Alice Burns, Robin Rudowitz
Date: 06/2025
Sponsoring organization: KFF
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Provides an overview of Medicaid coverage in rural areas. Includes rural versus urban comparisons of Medicaid coverage, enrollee age, enrollee diagnosed chronic conditions, state-by-state data of Medicaid enrollees by degree of rurality, and more.
Author(s): Rhiannon Euhus, Sammy Cervantes, Alice Burns, Robin Rudowitz
Date: 06/2025
Sponsoring organization: KFF
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Assessing Temporal Changes in Spatially-Varying Disparities in Tobacco Retailer Density across Ohio
Examines how tobacco retailer density (TRD) across Ohio contributes to disparities in tobacco use. Utilizes 2017-2022 geocoded data on TBD, with breakdowns according to census tract sociodemographic characteristics and urban, suburban, or rural neighborhood type.
Author(s): Rui Qiang, Peter F. Craigmile, Wendy Hyde, Abby Shores, Megan E. Roberts
Citation: Ohio Journal of Public Health, 7(2)
Date: 06/2025
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Examines how tobacco retailer density (TRD) across Ohio contributes to disparities in tobacco use. Utilizes 2017-2022 geocoded data on TBD, with breakdowns according to census tract sociodemographic characteristics and urban, suburban, or rural neighborhood type.
Author(s): Rui Qiang, Peter F. Craigmile, Wendy Hyde, Abby Shores, Megan E. Roberts
Citation: Ohio Journal of Public Health, 7(2)
Date: 06/2025
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Rural-Suburban-Urban Differences in Caregiving in the Northeast U.S. Region
Analyzes characteristics of caregiving experiences in the Northeast according to rural, suburban, or urban geography. Focuses on percentage of people who have provided caregiving, as well as their income, weekly care expenses, use of social safety net programs, desire to participate in the workforce, and demographic profile.
Author(s): Elena Pojman, Florence Becot
Date: 06/2025
Sponsoring organizations: North Central Regional Center for Rural Development, Northeast Regional Center for Rural Development, PennState
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Analyzes characteristics of caregiving experiences in the Northeast according to rural, suburban, or urban geography. Focuses on percentage of people who have provided caregiving, as well as their income, weekly care expenses, use of social safety net programs, desire to participate in the workforce, and demographic profile.
Author(s): Elena Pojman, Florence Becot
Date: 06/2025
Sponsoring organizations: North Central Regional Center for Rural Development, Northeast Regional Center for Rural Development, PennState
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