Rural Health
Resources by Topic: Rural-urban differences
As Older Rural Population Grew, Ratio of Rural U.S. Eldercare Establishments Fell
Bar chart comparing the number of eldercare establishments per 1,000 adults 65 or older in rural and urban areas between 2010 and 2023. Eldercare establishments include those that provide home health, long-term care, or assisted living services, as noted in the 2024 Rural America At a Glance report.
Author(s): Brandon Genetin
Date: 03/2025
Sponsoring organization: USDA Economic Research Service
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Bar chart comparing the number of eldercare establishments per 1,000 adults 65 or older in rural and urban areas between 2010 and 2023. Eldercare establishments include those that provide home health, long-term care, or assisted living services, as noted in the 2024 Rural America At a Glance report.
Author(s): Brandon Genetin
Date: 03/2025
Sponsoring organization: USDA Economic Research Service
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MedPAC Report to the Congress: Medicare Payment Policy: Skilled Nursing Facility Services: Chapter 6
Discusses payment adequacy for skilled nursing facility (SNF) services. Features statistics on SNF care provided by rural hospitals and Critical Access Hospitals (CAHs) via swing beds and Medicare margins for urban, rural, and frontier freestanding SNFs in 2023.
Date: 03/2025
Sponsoring organization: Medicare Payment Advisory Commission
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Discusses payment adequacy for skilled nursing facility (SNF) services. Features statistics on SNF care provided by rural hospitals and Critical Access Hospitals (CAHs) via swing beds and Medicare margins for urban, rural, and frontier freestanding SNFs in 2023.
Date: 03/2025
Sponsoring organization: Medicare Payment Advisory Commission
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MedPAC Report to the Congress: Medicare Payment Policy: Home Health Care Services: Chapter 7
Discusses payment adequacy for home health care services. Features statistics on Medicare margins for home health agencies between 2019-2023 with breakdowns by urban and rural areas, a comparison of patient-experience quality measures by urban and rural status, and the number of home health periods provided to rural beneficiaries.
Date: 03/2025
Sponsoring organization: Medicare Payment Advisory Commission
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Discusses payment adequacy for home health care services. Features statistics on Medicare margins for home health agencies between 2019-2023 with breakdowns by urban and rural areas, a comparison of patient-experience quality measures by urban and rural status, and the number of home health periods provided to rural beneficiaries.
Date: 03/2025
Sponsoring organization: Medicare Payment Advisory Commission
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MedPAC Report to the Congress: Medicare Payment Policy: Hospice Services: Chapter 9
Discusses payment adequacy for hospice and palliative support services. Includes data on average costs by day and aggregate margins by urban and rural status, as well as demographics on Medicare decedents who used hospice during 2010 and between 2019-2023. Compares the actual hospice utilization rates in micropolitan, rural adjacent, rural nonadjacent, and frontier areas to urban hospice utilization rates.
Date: 03/2025
Sponsoring organization: Medicare Payment Advisory Commission
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Discusses payment adequacy for hospice and palliative support services. Includes data on average costs by day and aggregate margins by urban and rural status, as well as demographics on Medicare decedents who used hospice during 2010 and between 2019-2023. Compares the actual hospice utilization rates in micropolitan, rural adjacent, rural nonadjacent, and frontier areas to urban hospice utilization rates.
Date: 03/2025
Sponsoring organization: Medicare Payment Advisory Commission
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Disparities in Cardiovascular Disease Prevalence by Race and Ethnicity, Socioeconomic Status, Urbanicity, and Social Determinants of Health Among Medicare Beneficiaries With Diabetes
Examines demographic disparities in cardiovascular disease prevalence among people with diabetes, utilizing 2015–2019 Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey data. Includes sociodemographic data, including rural-urban comparisons, on crude and adjusted prevalence of myocardial infarction, stroke, and heart failure.
Author(s): Xilin Zhou, Joohyun Park, Deborah B. Rolka, et al.
Citation: Preventing Chronic Disease, 22, 240270
Date: 03/2025
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Examines demographic disparities in cardiovascular disease prevalence among people with diabetes, utilizing 2015–2019 Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey data. Includes sociodemographic data, including rural-urban comparisons, on crude and adjusted prevalence of myocardial infarction, stroke, and heart failure.
Author(s): Xilin Zhou, Joohyun Park, Deborah B. Rolka, et al.
Citation: Preventing Chronic Disease, 22, 240270
Date: 03/2025
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QuickStats: Percentage of Adults Aged ≥18 Years with Chronic Pain in the Past 3 Months, by Sex and Urbanization Level — United States, 2023
Bar chart showing the percentage of men and percentage of women that experienced chronic pain in the last three months in metropolitan compared to nonmetro areas.
Citation: MMWR (Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report), 74(7), 125
Date: 03/2025
Sponsoring organization: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
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Bar chart showing the percentage of men and percentage of women that experienced chronic pain in the last three months in metropolitan compared to nonmetro areas.
Citation: MMWR (Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report), 74(7), 125
Date: 03/2025
Sponsoring organization: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
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Private Childcare Establishments per 1,000 Children in Rural Areas Have Increased but Are Now Less than in Urban Areas
Bar chart comparing the number of private childcare establishments in metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas between 2013-2017 and 2018-2022.
Author(s): Brandon Genetin, Kelsey L. Thomas (Conley)
Date: 03/2025
Sponsoring organization: USDA Economic Research Service
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Bar chart comparing the number of private childcare establishments in metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas between 2013-2017 and 2018-2022.
Author(s): Brandon Genetin, Kelsey L. Thomas (Conley)
Date: 03/2025
Sponsoring organization: USDA Economic Research Service
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Screening and Referral Programs for Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease: Can Community Pharmacists Bridge the Care Gap?
Examines the community-based valued-driven care initiative (CVCI) in community pharmacies to evaluate its effectiveness related to screening and referral (S&R) to treat cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes mellitus (DM). Analyzes patient demographics and success rates of CVD and DM S&R in 6 community pharmacies, with both rural and urban locations represented.
Author(s): Melanie Livet, Amber Watson, Shweta Pathak, et al.
Citation: Exploratory Research in Clinical and Social Pharmacy, 17, 100539
Date: 03/2025
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Examines the community-based valued-driven care initiative (CVCI) in community pharmacies to evaluate its effectiveness related to screening and referral (S&R) to treat cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes mellitus (DM). Analyzes patient demographics and success rates of CVD and DM S&R in 6 community pharmacies, with both rural and urban locations represented.
Author(s): Melanie Livet, Amber Watson, Shweta Pathak, et al.
Citation: Exploratory Research in Clinical and Social Pharmacy, 17, 100539
Date: 03/2025
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Are There Rural–Urban Disparities in Cardiovascular Disease Hospitalization and Other Outcomes in People with Gout? A Nationwide U.S. Study
Examines associations between rural or urban dwelling and myocardial infarction hospitalization among people with gout, using 2016-2019 U.S. National Inpatient Sample data.
Author(s): Jasvinder A. Singh, Sumanth R. Chandrupatla
Citation: Rheumatology, 64(8), 4744-4749
Date: 02/2025
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Examines associations between rural or urban dwelling and myocardial infarction hospitalization among people with gout, using 2016-2019 U.S. National Inpatient Sample data.
Author(s): Jasvinder A. Singh, Sumanth R. Chandrupatla
Citation: Rheumatology, 64(8), 4744-4749
Date: 02/2025
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Mortality Trends of Traumatic Brain Injuries in the Adult Population of the United States: A CDC WONDER Analysis from 1999 to 2020
Examines demographic disparities in traumatic brain injury (TBI) mortality, utilizing 1999-2020 CDC Wonder data of 1,026,185 TBI-related deaths. See Fig. 5 for data breakdowns by level of rurality and year.
Author(s): Muhammad Hamza Dawood, Yusra Fazli, Sejal Lund, et al.
Citation: BMC Public Health, 25, 482
Date: 02/2025
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Examines demographic disparities in traumatic brain injury (TBI) mortality, utilizing 1999-2020 CDC Wonder data of 1,026,185 TBI-related deaths. See Fig. 5 for data breakdowns by level of rurality and year.
Author(s): Muhammad Hamza Dawood, Yusra Fazli, Sejal Lund, et al.
Citation: BMC Public Health, 25, 482
Date: 02/2025
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