Rural Health
Resources by Topic: Rural-urban differences
2023-2024 Wisconsin Nursing Education and Nurse Faculty Survey Report
Contains responses from nursing school administrators on the characteristics of each program, student and faculty demographics, and elements including faculty education levels, salaries, vacancy rates, interprofessional education, and simulation. Includes statistics on nurses in rural areas.
Author(s): Gail Hanson Brenner, Linda K. Young, Mohammad Alasagheirin, Jan Adams, Stacey Stephens
Date: 12/2025
Sponsoring organizations: University of Wisconsin Eau Claire School of Nursing, Wisconsin Center for Nursing
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Contains responses from nursing school administrators on the characteristics of each program, student and faculty demographics, and elements including faculty education levels, salaries, vacancy rates, interprofessional education, and simulation. Includes statistics on nurses in rural areas.
Author(s): Gail Hanson Brenner, Linda K. Young, Mohammad Alasagheirin, Jan Adams, Stacey Stephens
Date: 12/2025
Sponsoring organizations: University of Wisconsin Eau Claire School of Nursing, Wisconsin Center for Nursing
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Geographic Access to Dental Specialists in the United States
Examines how drive times to dental specialist services vary by rural or urban dwelling, using 2023 IQVIA dental specialist workforce data. See Supplemental Online Content for bar charts showing state-by-state variation in rural and urban drive times to care by specialty.
Additional links: Supplemental Online Content
Author(s): Md Shahinoor Rahman, Ashley Martinez, Hawazin W. Elani
Citation: Journal of Dental Research, 105(7), 875-882
Date: 12/2025
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Examines how drive times to dental specialist services vary by rural or urban dwelling, using 2023 IQVIA dental specialist workforce data. See Supplemental Online Content for bar charts showing state-by-state variation in rural and urban drive times to care by specialty.
Additional links: Supplemental Online Content
Author(s): Md Shahinoor Rahman, Ashley Martinez, Hawazin W. Elani
Citation: Journal of Dental Research, 105(7), 875-882
Date: 12/2025
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Medicare Ground Ambulance Data Collection System (GADCS) Report Appendix Year 1–Year 4 Cohort Analysis
Provides data from the first 4 cohorts of ground ambulance organizations selected to participate in the Ground Ambulance Data Collection System. Includes response rates, information on data cleaning and validation, statistics summarizing responses, and analyses exploring relationships between costs per service and organizational characteristics. Features statistics with breakdowns by urban, rural, and super rural areas.
Additional links: Codebook
Author(s): Christine Buttorff, Daniel Crespin, Sara Heins, et al.
Date: 12/2025
Sponsoring organizations: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, RAND Corporation
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Provides data from the first 4 cohorts of ground ambulance organizations selected to participate in the Ground Ambulance Data Collection System. Includes response rates, information on data cleaning and validation, statistics summarizing responses, and analyses exploring relationships between costs per service and organizational characteristics. Features statistics with breakdowns by urban, rural, and super rural areas.
Additional links: Codebook
Author(s): Christine Buttorff, Daniel Crespin, Sara Heins, et al.
Date: 12/2025
Sponsoring organizations: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, RAND Corporation
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Kansas Annual Summary of Vital Statistics, 2024
Provides comprehensive data on vital events, population demographics, fertility and live births, mortality, and marriages in Kansas in 2024. Includes data breakdowns according to county and frontier, rural, densely-settled rural, semi-urban, or urban location.
Author(s): David Oakley, Christina Smith, Cathryn Savage, Inkyung Cha
Date: 12/2025
Sponsoring organization: Kansas Department of Health and Environment
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Provides comprehensive data on vital events, population demographics, fertility and live births, mortality, and marriages in Kansas in 2024. Includes data breakdowns according to county and frontier, rural, densely-settled rural, semi-urban, or urban location.
Author(s): David Oakley, Christina Smith, Cathryn Savage, Inkyung Cha
Date: 12/2025
Sponsoring organization: Kansas Department of Health and Environment
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2025 Graduate Medical Education Exit Survey Report: Indiana University School of Medicine
Results of a survey of 454 individuals completing graduate medical education programs at the Indiana University School of Medicine in 2025. Data include demographic characteristics, reactions to residency training, and plans after graduation, including where the physicians intended to practice and why they chose that location. Mentions rural throughout.
Date: 12/2025
Sponsoring organization: Indiana University School of Medicine
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Results of a survey of 454 individuals completing graduate medical education programs at the Indiana University School of Medicine in 2025. Data include demographic characteristics, reactions to residency training, and plans after graduation, including where the physicians intended to practice and why they chose that location. Mentions rural throughout.
Date: 12/2025
Sponsoring organization: Indiana University School of Medicine
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Rurality, Socioeconomic Status, and Psychosocial Health Outcomes During Pregnancy
Examines pregnancy-related depressive symptoms, quality of life, and perceived stress across socioeconomic and geographic variables. Analyzes 2020-2024 data from 497 pregnant women according to their psychosocial health with breakdowns by socioeconomic status, area deprivation index, and location of urban, micropolitan rural, or small town rural.
Author(s): Katrina L. Wilhite, Jacob Gallagher, Alex Crisp, et al.
Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 26, 23
Date: 12/2025
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Examines pregnancy-related depressive symptoms, quality of life, and perceived stress across socioeconomic and geographic variables. Analyzes 2020-2024 data from 497 pregnant women according to their psychosocial health with breakdowns by socioeconomic status, area deprivation index, and location of urban, micropolitan rural, or small town rural.
Author(s): Katrina L. Wilhite, Jacob Gallagher, Alex Crisp, et al.
Citation: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 26, 23
Date: 12/2025
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Cigarette Smoking Prevalence, Nicotine Dependence, and Quit Ratios among U.S. Adult Females by Residence and Military-Veteran Status: 2002–2023
Presents a study exploring cigarette smoking, nicotine dependence, and quite ratios among women by rural and veteran status from 2002 to 2023. Breaks down data by demographic data and compares rates of several smoking-related measures for rural and urban, and veteran and non-veteran women.
Author(s): Justin T. McDaniel, Ryan Redner, Sulamunn R.M. Coleman, et al.
Citation: Preventive Medicine, 201, 108417
Date: 12/2025
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Presents a study exploring cigarette smoking, nicotine dependence, and quite ratios among women by rural and veteran status from 2002 to 2023. Breaks down data by demographic data and compares rates of several smoking-related measures for rural and urban, and veteran and non-veteran women.
Author(s): Justin T. McDaniel, Ryan Redner, Sulamunn R.M. Coleman, et al.
Citation: Preventive Medicine, 201, 108417
Date: 12/2025
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2024 National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report
Provides a comprehensive summary and data analysis of healthcare quality and access in the U.S. Addresses access to healthcare, care affordability, healthy living, effective treatment, person-centered care, care coordination, and more.
Date: 12/2025
Sponsoring organization: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
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Provides a comprehensive summary and data analysis of healthcare quality and access in the U.S. Addresses access to healthcare, care affordability, healthy living, effective treatment, person-centered care, care coordination, and more.
Date: 12/2025
Sponsoring organization: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
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The South Carolina Certified Nurse Midwife Workforce - 2022
Describes the certified nurse midwife (CNM) workforce in South Carolina using data from the 2022 nursing licensure renewal process ending April 30, 2022. Features demographics and statistics including change in the size of the South Carolina CNM workforce from 2012-2022 with breakdowns by 3 levels of population density, and a county-level map showing locations of active CNMs as of 2022, with shadings showing rural and urban counties.
Date: 12/2025
Sponsoring organization: South Carolina Area Health Education Consortium
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Describes the certified nurse midwife (CNM) workforce in South Carolina using data from the 2022 nursing licensure renewal process ending April 30, 2022. Features demographics and statistics including change in the size of the South Carolina CNM workforce from 2012-2022 with breakdowns by 3 levels of population density, and a county-level map showing locations of active CNMs as of 2022, with shadings showing rural and urban counties.
Date: 12/2025
Sponsoring organization: South Carolina Area Health Education Consortium
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Trends in Non-Emergency Medical Transportation During Medicaid Transformation in North Carolina
Examines the impact of Medicaid transformation on non-emergency medical transportation (NEMT) services in North Carolina in the shift from fee-for-service (FFS) to Managed Care. Utilizes 2019-2023 Medicaid claims data to analyze NEMT service provision trends according to cost, travel mode, public versus private provider, and urban versus rural geography.
Author(s): Evan Iacobucci, Noreen McDonald
Citation: North Carolina Medical Journal, 86(4)
Date: 12/2025
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Examines the impact of Medicaid transformation on non-emergency medical transportation (NEMT) services in North Carolina in the shift from fee-for-service (FFS) to Managed Care. Utilizes 2019-2023 Medicaid claims data to analyze NEMT service provision trends according to cost, travel mode, public versus private provider, and urban versus rural geography.
Author(s): Evan Iacobucci, Noreen McDonald
Citation: North Carolina Medical Journal, 86(4)
Date: 12/2025
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