Rural Health
Resources by Topic: Policy
How Do Services Offered Within Opioid Treatment Programs Vary Based on State Methadone Policies?
Examines the availability of opioid treatment programs (OTPs) in various states as well as access to medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) options, psychosocial services, and housing supports. Analyzes 1,501 opioid treatment programs (OTPs) and their characteristics, including state restrictiveness, services offered, facility type, rurality, and more.
Author(s): Zoe Lindenfeld, Noa Krawczyk, Erin A. Taylor, Denis Agniel, Jonathan H. Cantor
Citation: Journal of Substance Use & Addiction Treatment, 190, 210062
Date: 11/2026
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Examines the availability of opioid treatment programs (OTPs) in various states as well as access to medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) options, psychosocial services, and housing supports. Analyzes 1,501 opioid treatment programs (OTPs) and their characteristics, including state restrictiveness, services offered, facility type, rurality, and more.
Author(s): Zoe Lindenfeld, Noa Krawczyk, Erin A. Taylor, Denis Agniel, Jonathan H. Cantor
Citation: Journal of Substance Use & Addiction Treatment, 190, 210062
Date: 11/2026
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Risk Adjustment in the Medicare Advantage Population Using Encounter Data
Examines the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Hierarchical Condition Category (HCC) risk model by comparing 2016-2022 Traditional Medicare (TM) claims and Medicare Advantage (MA) encounter data. Analyzes differences in the TM-based model and MA-based model and discusses risk-adjusted MA payment, MA payment policy, and enrollment incentives for various populations, including rural.
Author(s): Caroline S. Carlin, Roger Feldman, Jeah Jung
Citation: Health Services Research, 61(5), e70165
Date: 10/2026
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Examines the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Hierarchical Condition Category (HCC) risk model by comparing 2016-2022 Traditional Medicare (TM) claims and Medicare Advantage (MA) encounter data. Analyzes differences in the TM-based model and MA-based model and discusses risk-adjusted MA payment, MA payment policy, and enrollment incentives for various populations, including rural.
Author(s): Caroline S. Carlin, Roger Feldman, Jeah Jung
Citation: Health Services Research, 61(5), e70165
Date: 10/2026
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The SUPPORT for Patients and Communities Reauthorization Act of 2025: Section-by-Section Summary
Provides a section-by-section description of the SUPPORT for Patients and Communities Reauthorization Act (P.L. 119-44). Includes background information and a summary of each provision. Table 1 presents expired authorizations and appropriations in the SUPPORT Act of 2018, related annual appropriations, and whether the SUPPORT for Patients and Communities Reauthorization Act reauthorized each provision.
Date: 09/2026
Sponsoring organization: Congressional Research Service
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Provides a section-by-section description of the SUPPORT for Patients and Communities Reauthorization Act (P.L. 119-44). Includes background information and a summary of each provision. Table 1 presents expired authorizations and appropriations in the SUPPORT Act of 2018, related annual appropriations, and whether the SUPPORT for Patients and Communities Reauthorization Act reauthorized each provision.
Date: 09/2026
Sponsoring organization: Congressional Research Service
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Military Installations: Remote and Isolated Locations Face Challenges Delivering Critical Support Services
Reports on challenges in delivering support services, including healthcare, housing, education, and morale, welfare, and recreation (MWR) programs at remote and isolated military installations and provides associated recommendations. Covers topics including civilian workforce limitations and definitions of remote and isolated facilities.
Additional links: Full Report
Date: 09/2026
Sponsoring organization: Government Accountability Office
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Reports on challenges in delivering support services, including healthcare, housing, education, and morale, welfare, and recreation (MWR) programs at remote and isolated military installations and provides associated recommendations. Covers topics including civilian workforce limitations and definitions of remote and isolated facilities.
Additional links: Full Report
Date: 09/2026
Sponsoring organization: Government Accountability Office
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Pennsylvania Rural Health Transformation Program Resource Guide
Includes key links related to Pennsylvania and federal Rural Health Transformation Program resources, including funding opportunities and resources from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services.
Date: 09/2026
Sponsoring organization: Pennsylvania Department of Human Services
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Includes key links related to Pennsylvania and federal Rural Health Transformation Program resources, including funding opportunities and resources from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services.
Date: 09/2026
Sponsoring organization: Pennsylvania Department of Human Services
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Compacts of Free Association: VA Is Pursuing Partial Implementation of Health Care Authorities in the Freely Associated States
Explores challenges veterans in the Freely Associated States (FAS) - Federated States of Micronesia (FSM), the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI), and the Republic of Palau - face in obtaining healthcare benefits and services. Discusses analyses completed by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) to assess the implementation of the Compact of Free Association Amendments Act of 2024, which gave VA discretionary authority to expand healthcare services to eligible veterans in the FAS by providing hospital care, medical services, and beneficiary travel payments.
Additional links: Full Report
Date: 09/2026
Sponsoring organization: Government Accountability Office
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Explores challenges veterans in the Freely Associated States (FAS) - Federated States of Micronesia (FSM), the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI), and the Republic of Palau - face in obtaining healthcare benefits and services. Discusses analyses completed by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) to assess the implementation of the Compact of Free Association Amendments Act of 2024, which gave VA discretionary authority to expand healthcare services to eligible veterans in the FAS by providing hospital care, medical services, and beneficiary travel payments.
Additional links: Full Report
Date: 09/2026
Sponsoring organization: Government Accountability Office
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Veterans Health Care: Information on Eligibility for and Use of Dental Benefits
Provides an overview of Veterans Health Administration (VHA) dental benefits and eligibility. Describes the number and percentage of VHA-enrolled veterans who were eligible for VA dental benefits between 2020 and 2025. Presents data by demographic characteristics, including age and rural residence. Explores the potential effect of expanding eligibility for VA dental benefits to all veterans with a heart disease diagnosis. Appendix I discusses VHA's use of teledentistry between 2020 and 2025, including the number and percentage of VHA facilities, by facility type and rurality, that provided at least one dental visit by teledentistry.
Additional links: Full Report
Date: 09/2026
Sponsoring organization: Government Accountability Office
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Provides an overview of Veterans Health Administration (VHA) dental benefits and eligibility. Describes the number and percentage of VHA-enrolled veterans who were eligible for VA dental benefits between 2020 and 2025. Presents data by demographic characteristics, including age and rural residence. Explores the potential effect of expanding eligibility for VA dental benefits to all veterans with a heart disease diagnosis. Appendix I discusses VHA's use of teledentistry between 2020 and 2025, including the number and percentage of VHA facilities, by facility type and rurality, that provided at least one dental visit by teledentistry.
Additional links: Full Report
Date: 09/2026
Sponsoring organization: Government Accountability Office
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Tribal Water Infrastructure: Opportunities Exist to Improve Federal Assistance
Provides an overview of federal roles in tribal water infrastructure projects. Examines the extent to which the Indian Health Service (IHS) can fund water infrastructure for homes and buildings in a tribal community. Explores opportunities to streamline application processes and administrative requirements when IHS collaborates with other federal agencies. Describes the limited financial capacity some tribes have to operate and maintain their water infrastructure, and the potential effects of IHS providing financial assistance for these purposes. Presents recommendations for Congress and federal agencies, including the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
Additional links: Full Report
Date: 09/2026
Sponsoring organization: Government Accountability Office
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Provides an overview of federal roles in tribal water infrastructure projects. Examines the extent to which the Indian Health Service (IHS) can fund water infrastructure for homes and buildings in a tribal community. Explores opportunities to streamline application processes and administrative requirements when IHS collaborates with other federal agencies. Describes the limited financial capacity some tribes have to operate and maintain their water infrastructure, and the potential effects of IHS providing financial assistance for these purposes. Presents recommendations for Congress and federal agencies, including the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
Additional links: Full Report
Date: 09/2026
Sponsoring organization: Government Accountability Office
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Building a Robust Primary Care Workforce: Diffusing Lessons Across States
Blog post examining primary care workforce shortages in rural and underserved areas. Describes efforts by Missouri, North Carolina, and Wisconsin to develop and implement state-level graduate medical education strategies to increase their primary care workforce.
Author(s): Erin Fraher, Andreas Stomby
Date: 09/2026
Sponsoring organization: Milbank Memorial Fund
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Blog post examining primary care workforce shortages in rural and underserved areas. Describes efforts by Missouri, North Carolina, and Wisconsin to develop and implement state-level graduate medical education strategies to increase their primary care workforce.
Author(s): Erin Fraher, Andreas Stomby
Date: 09/2026
Sponsoring organization: Milbank Memorial Fund
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The 21st Century ROAD to Housing Act (P.L. 119-101)
Provides an overview of the 21st Century ROAD to Housing Act (P.L. 119-101), which became law on July 11, 2026, and aims to address housing supply and affordability. Summarizes each provision of the law, as well as deadlines applicable to federal agencies. Includes references to rural programs throughout.
Date: 09/2026
Sponsoring organization: Congressional Research Service
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Provides an overview of the 21st Century ROAD to Housing Act (P.L. 119-101), which became law on July 11, 2026, and aims to address housing supply and affordability. Summarizes each provision of the law, as well as deadlines applicable to federal agencies. Includes references to rural programs throughout.
Date: 09/2026
Sponsoring organization: Congressional Research Service
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