Rural Health
Resources by Topic: Hospitals
Rural and Urban Hospital Differences in Inpatient Stays Involving Sepsis, 2019 and 2021
Explores inpatient hospital stays related to sepsis using the 2019 and 2021 State Inpatient Databases (SID) for 47 States and the District of Columbia. Presents data on the percentage of stays related to sepsis, lengths of stay, costs of stay, and outcomes for sepsis stays for over 4,200 community hospitals. Compares data for rural and urban hospitals by ownership, bed size, teaching hospital status, and safety net designation.
Author(s): Joanna Jiang, Lan Liang, Meghana Chandra, Sai Loganathan
Date: 08/2024
Sponsoring organization: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
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Explores inpatient hospital stays related to sepsis using the 2019 and 2021 State Inpatient Databases (SID) for 47 States and the District of Columbia. Presents data on the percentage of stays related to sepsis, lengths of stay, costs of stay, and outcomes for sepsis stays for over 4,200 community hospitals. Compares data for rural and urban hospitals by ownership, bed size, teaching hospital status, and safety net designation.
Author(s): Joanna Jiang, Lan Liang, Meghana Chandra, Sai Loganathan
Date: 08/2024
Sponsoring organization: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
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Voice of the REH CEO: Perspectives from Those Who Have Led Their Organizations Through REH Conversion
Summarizes interviews with executives from three hospitals that converted to Rural Emergency Hospital (REH) status regarding their perspectives on conversion. Describes the assessment of the financial feasibility of REH status, preparation of the communities for conversion, staffing and service line adjustments, and the impact of conversion. Includes legislative considerations that could make REH status more attractive to rural hospitals.
Author(s): Hope Burch, Tracey Dorff, Anna Anna, Janice Walters
Date: 08/2024
Sponsoring organization: Rural Health Redesign Center
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Summarizes interviews with executives from three hospitals that converted to Rural Emergency Hospital (REH) status regarding their perspectives on conversion. Describes the assessment of the financial feasibility of REH status, preparation of the communities for conversion, staffing and service line adjustments, and the impact of conversion. Includes legislative considerations that could make REH status more attractive to rural hospitals.
Author(s): Hope Burch, Tracey Dorff, Anna Anna, Janice Walters
Date: 08/2024
Sponsoring organization: Rural Health Redesign Center
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FY 2025 Hospital Inpatient Prospective Payment System (IPPS) and Long-Term Care Hospital Prospective Payment System (LTCH PPS) Final Rule – CMS-1808-F
Fact sheet providing an overview of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) fiscal year 2025 hospital inpatient prospective payment system (IPPS) and long-term care hospital prospective payment system (LTCH PPS) final rule. Includes information about the extension of the low-wage index hospital policy, a separate IPPS payment for small and independent hospitals to establish and maintain a buffer stock of essential medicines, the distribution of graduate medical education (GME) residency slots, updates to quality reporting programs, and more.
Date: 08/2024
Sponsoring organization: Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services
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Fact sheet providing an overview of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) fiscal year 2025 hospital inpatient prospective payment system (IPPS) and long-term care hospital prospective payment system (LTCH PPS) final rule. Includes information about the extension of the low-wage index hospital policy, a separate IPPS payment for small and independent hospitals to establish and maintain a buffer stock of essential medicines, the distribution of graduate medical education (GME) residency slots, updates to quality reporting programs, and more.
Date: 08/2024
Sponsoring organization: Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services
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Performance of Health Care Service Area Definitions for Capturing Variation in Inpatient Care and Social Determinants of Health
Examines various health care service area (HCSA) definitions and their ability to capture hospitalizations and social determinants of health (SDOH) heterogeneity in the patient population. Provides descriptive characteristics for each HCSA type, such as median population and land size, as well as characteristics of the hospital sample. Discusses which HCSA type was best able to capture hospital discharges and population heterogenity in rural areas.
Author(s): Hannah Crook, Manuel Horta, Kenneth A. Michelson, John A. Graves
Citation: Health Services Research, 59(4)
Date: 08/2024
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Examines various health care service area (HCSA) definitions and their ability to capture hospitalizations and social determinants of health (SDOH) heterogeneity in the patient population. Provides descriptive characteristics for each HCSA type, such as median population and land size, as well as characteristics of the hospital sample. Discusses which HCSA type was best able to capture hospital discharges and population heterogenity in rural areas.
Author(s): Hannah Crook, Manuel Horta, Kenneth A. Michelson, John A. Graves
Citation: Health Services Research, 59(4)
Date: 08/2024
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Structural Determinants of Health: Hospitals' Unequal Capital Investments Drive Health Inequities
Examines hospitals' capital investments as a structural factor influencing disparities in patient safety and quality of care at hospitals in the United States. Analyzes topics including hospital economics, federal policy, funding, hospital infrastructure, and more. See Section 5 in particular for discussion of rural hospitals.
Author(s): Eileen Appelbaum, Emma Curchin, Rosemary Batt
Date: 07/2024
Sponsoring organization: Center for Economic and Policy Research (CEPR)
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Examines hospitals' capital investments as a structural factor influencing disparities in patient safety and quality of care at hospitals in the United States. Analyzes topics including hospital economics, federal policy, funding, hospital infrastructure, and more. See Section 5 in particular for discussion of rural hospitals.
Author(s): Eileen Appelbaum, Emma Curchin, Rosemary Batt
Date: 07/2024
Sponsoring organization: Center for Economic and Policy Research (CEPR)
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Health Care Artificial Intelligence Toolkit
Guide designed to help community health clinics and rural hospitals navigate information regarding artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare. Discusses foundational considerations, governance for AI applications, and steps to assess and mitigate discriminatory impacts of AI systems in healthcare. Includes an AI tool vendor evaluation checklist for community health clinics and Critical Access Hospitals (CAHs).
Date: 07/2024
Sponsoring organization: California Telehealth Resource Center
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Guide designed to help community health clinics and rural hospitals navigate information regarding artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare. Discusses foundational considerations, governance for AI applications, and steps to assess and mitigate discriminatory impacts of AI systems in healthcare. Includes an AI tool vendor evaluation checklist for community health clinics and Critical Access Hospitals (CAHs).
Date: 07/2024
Sponsoring organization: California Telehealth Resource Center
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An REH Conversion Story: Harper County Hospital
Profiles Oklahoma's Harper County Hospital and its transition from a Critical Access Hospital (CAH) to a Rural Emergency Hospital (REH). Summarizes an interview with Kevin O'Brien, Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Harper County Hospital, regarding the experience of converting to REH status. Covers the hospital's financial position before conversion, including limitations to being a county-owned hospital; the exploration of the REH designation; and the financial and operational impacts of the REH designation, including services added by the hospital after the conversion.
Date: 07/2024
Sponsoring organization: Rural Health Redesign Center
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Profiles Oklahoma's Harper County Hospital and its transition from a Critical Access Hospital (CAH) to a Rural Emergency Hospital (REH). Summarizes an interview with Kevin O'Brien, Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Harper County Hospital, regarding the experience of converting to REH status. Covers the hospital's financial position before conversion, including limitations to being a county-owned hospital; the exploration of the REH designation; and the financial and operational impacts of the REH designation, including services added by the hospital after the conversion.
Date: 07/2024
Sponsoring organization: Rural Health Redesign Center
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An REH Conversion Story: Mercy Hospital
Profiles Mercy Hospital, in Moundridge, Kansas, and its transition from a prospective payment system (PPS) hospital to a Rural Emergency Hospital (REH). Summarizes an interview with Aaron Herbel, Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Mercy Hospital, regarding the experience of converting to REH status. Covers the conversion timeline, the involvement of hospital and community stakeholders, and the opening of a walk-in clinic that coincided with the REH conversion.
Author(s): Hope Burch, Tracey Dorff, Anna Anna, Janice Walters
Date: 07/2024
Sponsoring organization: Rural Health Redesign Center
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Profiles Mercy Hospital, in Moundridge, Kansas, and its transition from a prospective payment system (PPS) hospital to a Rural Emergency Hospital (REH). Summarizes an interview with Aaron Herbel, Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Mercy Hospital, regarding the experience of converting to REH status. Covers the conversion timeline, the involvement of hospital and community stakeholders, and the opening of a walk-in clinic that coincided with the REH conversion.
Author(s): Hope Burch, Tracey Dorff, Anna Anna, Janice Walters
Date: 07/2024
Sponsoring organization: Rural Health Redesign Center
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An REH Conversion Story: Helena Regional Medical Center
Profiles Helena Regional Medical Center, in Phillips County, Arkansas, and its transition from a prospective payment system (PPS) hospital to a Rural Emergency Hospital (REH). Summarizes the perspective of the hospital's former Chief Executive Officer (CEO) as the facility navigated the change in status, including obstacles, financial and operational impacts, and advantages to operating as an REH.
Author(s): Hope Burch, Tracey Dorff, Anna Anna, Janice Walters
Date: 07/2024
Sponsoring organization: Rural Health Redesign Center
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Profiles Helena Regional Medical Center, in Phillips County, Arkansas, and its transition from a prospective payment system (PPS) hospital to a Rural Emergency Hospital (REH). Summarizes the perspective of the hospital's former Chief Executive Officer (CEO) as the facility navigated the change in status, including obstacles, financial and operational impacts, and advantages to operating as an REH.
Author(s): Hope Burch, Tracey Dorff, Anna Anna, Janice Walters
Date: 07/2024
Sponsoring organization: Rural Health Redesign Center
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The Future of Acute Hospital Care at Home
Describes the Acute Hospital Care at Home (AHCAH) model and explores barriers to participation including rural-specific concerns. Offers current and future policy reform recommendations related to rural hospital participation and flexibilities.
Author(s): Lisa Harootunian, Kamryn Perry, Allison Buffett, et al.
Date: 07/2024
Sponsoring organization: Bipartisan Policy Center
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Describes the Acute Hospital Care at Home (AHCAH) model and explores barriers to participation including rural-specific concerns. Offers current and future policy reform recommendations related to rural hospital participation and flexibilities.
Author(s): Lisa Harootunian, Kamryn Perry, Allison Buffett, et al.
Date: 07/2024
Sponsoring organization: Bipartisan Policy Center
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