Rural Health
Resources by Topic: Black or African American
The Uneven Impact of Medicaid Expansion on Rural and Urban Black, Latino/a, and White Mortality
Examines mortality rates and the corresponding impact of Medicaid expansion on Black, Latino/a, and White populations, broken down by rural versus urban location. Utilizes 2009-2019 data of Average Treatment Effect on the Treated (ATET) estimates to provide statistical breakdowns and graphic representation of how Medicaid expansion has impacted mortality rates for varying populations.
Author(s): J. Tom Mueller, Regina S. Baker, Matthew M. Brooks
Citation: Journal of Rural Health, 41(1), e12859
Date: 2025
Type: Document
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Examines mortality rates and the corresponding impact of Medicaid expansion on Black, Latino/a, and White populations, broken down by rural versus urban location. Utilizes 2009-2019 data of Average Treatment Effect on the Treated (ATET) estimates to provide statistical breakdowns and graphic representation of how Medicaid expansion has impacted mortality rates for varying populations.
Author(s): J. Tom Mueller, Regina S. Baker, Matthew M. Brooks
Citation: Journal of Rural Health, 41(1), e12859
Date: 2025
Type: Document
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Utilization of Inpatient and Emergency Services by Rural and Urban Medicaid Enrollees
Analyzes differences in healthcare utilization among rural versus urban Medicaid enrollees. Utilizes 2019 Transformed Medicaid Statistical Information System (T-MSIS) Analytic Files data to examine inpatient and emergency department (ED) use by Rural Urban Commuting Area (RUCA) codes of metropolitan, large rural, small rural, and isolated rural Medicaid populations as well as Frontier and Remote (FAR) area codes. Includes additional demographic breakdowns by age, race/ethnicity, and sex.
Author(s): Hannah Friedman, Kristie Thompson, Lily Wang, Mark Holmes
Date: 12/2024
Type: Document
Sponsoring organization: North Carolina Rural Health Research Program
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Analyzes differences in healthcare utilization among rural versus urban Medicaid enrollees. Utilizes 2019 Transformed Medicaid Statistical Information System (T-MSIS) Analytic Files data to examine inpatient and emergency department (ED) use by Rural Urban Commuting Area (RUCA) codes of metropolitan, large rural, small rural, and isolated rural Medicaid populations as well as Frontier and Remote (FAR) area codes. Includes additional demographic breakdowns by age, race/ethnicity, and sex.
Author(s): Hannah Friedman, Kristie Thompson, Lily Wang, Mark Holmes
Date: 12/2024
Type: Document
Sponsoring organization: North Carolina Rural Health Research Program
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County-Level Racial Disparities in Prostate Cancer–Specific Mortality from 2005 to 2020
Examines Black-White differences in prostate cancer mortality from 2005 to 2020, utilizing Area Health Resource File (AHRF) and Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data. Compares county-level factors associated with change over time, including level of rurality.
Author(s): Samuel L Washington III, Mary Fakunle, Lufan Wang, et al.
Citation: JNCI Cancer Spectrum, 8(6), pkae109
Date: 11/2024
Type: Document
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Examines Black-White differences in prostate cancer mortality from 2005 to 2020, utilizing Area Health Resource File (AHRF) and Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data. Compares county-level factors associated with change over time, including level of rurality.
Author(s): Samuel L Washington III, Mary Fakunle, Lufan Wang, et al.
Citation: JNCI Cancer Spectrum, 8(6), pkae109
Date: 11/2024
Type: Document
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Ten Americas: A Systematic Analysis of Life Expectancy Disparities in the USA
Evaluates life expectancy disparities among 10 population groups based on geography, race, urbanicity, income, and homicide data between 2000 and 2021. Includes analysis of the Black, low-income population in nonmetropolitan counties in the South by age, gender, and educational attainment.
Author(s): Laura Dwyer-Lindgren, Mathew M. Baumann, Zhuochen Li, et al.
Citation: The Lancet, 2024
Date: 11/2024
Type: Document
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Evaluates life expectancy disparities among 10 population groups based on geography, race, urbanicity, income, and homicide data between 2000 and 2021. Includes analysis of the Black, low-income population in nonmetropolitan counties in the South by age, gender, and educational attainment.
Author(s): Laura Dwyer-Lindgren, Mathew M. Baumann, Zhuochen Li, et al.
Citation: The Lancet, 2024
Date: 11/2024
Type: Document
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Geographic Variations in Urban-Rural Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Concentrations in the United States, 2010–2019
Compares fine particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) ambient air concentration in rural versus urban areas from 2010 to 2019, utilizing the AHRQ database on Social Determinants of Health. Examines rural-urban changes in PM2.5 concentration over time, with breakdowns by census tract race and ethnicity, poverty, residents under age 15, and residents over age 65.
Author(s): Daniel J. Kilpatrick, Peiyin Hung, Elizabeth Crouch, et al.
Citation: GeoHealth, 8(9), e2023GH000920
Date: 09/2024
Type: Document
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Compares fine particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) ambient air concentration in rural versus urban areas from 2010 to 2019, utilizing the AHRQ database on Social Determinants of Health. Examines rural-urban changes in PM2.5 concentration over time, with breakdowns by census tract race and ethnicity, poverty, residents under age 15, and residents over age 65.
Author(s): Daniel J. Kilpatrick, Peiyin Hung, Elizabeth Crouch, et al.
Citation: GeoHealth, 8(9), e2023GH000920
Date: 09/2024
Type: Document
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Hospital Accreditation Status and Treatment Differences among Black Patients with Colon Cancer
Examines likelihood of receiving guideline-concordant care and risk of mortality for Black patients with colon cancer at Commission on Cancer (CoC) accredited hospitals relative to non-CoC accredited hospitals. Utilizes 2019-2020 United States Cancer Statistics database data. Includes data on the association between patient characteristics, including rurality, and attendance at accredited versus nonaccredited hospitals.
Author(s): Kelley Chan, Bryan E. Palis, Joseph H. Cotler, et al.
Citation: JAMA Network Open, 7(8), e2429563
Date: 08/2024
Type: Document
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Examines likelihood of receiving guideline-concordant care and risk of mortality for Black patients with colon cancer at Commission on Cancer (CoC) accredited hospitals relative to non-CoC accredited hospitals. Utilizes 2019-2020 United States Cancer Statistics database data. Includes data on the association between patient characteristics, including rurality, and attendance at accredited versus nonaccredited hospitals.
Author(s): Kelley Chan, Bryan E. Palis, Joseph H. Cotler, et al.
Citation: JAMA Network Open, 7(8), e2429563
Date: 08/2024
Type: Document
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Trends in Pancreatic Cancer Mortality in the United States 1999–2020: A CDC Database Population-Based Study
Examines trends in pancreatic cancer mortality by age, sex, race, level of rurality, and geographic region. Utilizes 1999-2020 CDC WONDER data. Compares mortality over time among rural, suburban, and urban populations, with additional data on Black rural, Black urban, White rural, and White urban populations.
Author(s): Alexander J. Didier, Swamroop Nandwani, Alan M. Fahoury, et al.
Citation: Cancer Causes & Control, 2024
Date: 08/2024
Type: Document
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Examines trends in pancreatic cancer mortality by age, sex, race, level of rurality, and geographic region. Utilizes 1999-2020 CDC WONDER data. Compares mortality over time among rural, suburban, and urban populations, with additional data on Black rural, Black urban, White rural, and White urban populations.
Author(s): Alexander J. Didier, Swamroop Nandwani, Alan M. Fahoury, et al.
Citation: Cancer Causes & Control, 2024
Date: 08/2024
Type: Document
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The Ecology of Economic Distress and Life Expectancy
Examines the relationship between life expectancy (LE) and county-level indicators such as race, rural status, and economic prosperity. Examines 2000-2019 data for LE, with rural, suburban, and metro comparisons across racial and economic groups, with economic distress calculated according to unemployment, housing, poverty, education, and other social indicators.
Author(s): William Brinson Weeks, Ji E. Chang, José A. Pagán, et al.
Citation: International Journal of Public Health, 69
Date: 07/2024
Type: Document
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Examines the relationship between life expectancy (LE) and county-level indicators such as race, rural status, and economic prosperity. Examines 2000-2019 data for LE, with rural, suburban, and metro comparisons across racial and economic groups, with economic distress calculated according to unemployment, housing, poverty, education, and other social indicators.
Author(s): William Brinson Weeks, Ji E. Chang, José A. Pagán, et al.
Citation: International Journal of Public Health, 69
Date: 07/2024
Type: Document
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Feasibility of Remote Blood Pressure Monitoring for Detection and Management of Maternal Hypertension in a Predominantly Black, Rural and Medicaid Population in Mississippi
Examines the feasibility of utilizing remote patient monitoring (RPM) to manage maternal hypertension in predominantly rural, Black, and underserved populations. Analyzes data from 98 enrollees in a prospective pilot cohort study conducted at the University of Mississippi Medical Center from 2021-2023. Includes data related to adherence of RPM, broken down by enrollee demographics, pregnancy health, gestational characteristics, and more.
Author(s): Yunxi Zhang, Yueh-Yun Lin, Lincy Lal, et al.
Citation: Telemedicine and e-Health, 30(7)
Date: 07/2024
Type: Document
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Examines the feasibility of utilizing remote patient monitoring (RPM) to manage maternal hypertension in predominantly rural, Black, and underserved populations. Analyzes data from 98 enrollees in a prospective pilot cohort study conducted at the University of Mississippi Medical Center from 2021-2023. Includes data related to adherence of RPM, broken down by enrollee demographics, pregnancy health, gestational characteristics, and more.
Author(s): Yunxi Zhang, Yueh-Yun Lin, Lincy Lal, et al.
Citation: Telemedicine and e-Health, 30(7)
Date: 07/2024
Type: Document
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Engagement Among Diverse Patient Backgrounds in a Remote Symptom Monitoring Program
Analyzes factors affecting engagement in a remote symptom monitoring (RSM) program among 1,998 patients who received treatment at Alabama cancer centers between May 2021 and May 2023. Includes data on likelihood of being approached for involvement in RSM and rates of program enrollment, adherence, and withdrawal. Factors considered include race (Black, White, or other), rural versus urban residence, and neighborhood disadvantage.
Author(s): Gabrielle B. Rocque, Nicole E. Caston, Keyonsis Hildreth, et al.
Citation: JCO Oncology Practice
Date: 06/2024
Type: Document
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Analyzes factors affecting engagement in a remote symptom monitoring (RSM) program among 1,998 patients who received treatment at Alabama cancer centers between May 2021 and May 2023. Includes data on likelihood of being approached for involvement in RSM and rates of program enrollment, adherence, and withdrawal. Factors considered include race (Black, White, or other), rural versus urban residence, and neighborhood disadvantage.
Author(s): Gabrielle B. Rocque, Nicole E. Caston, Keyonsis Hildreth, et al.
Citation: JCO Oncology Practice
Date: 06/2024
Type: Document
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